Challenges of Religious Moderation in The Context of Radicalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v2i3.424Keywords:
Religious Moderation, Challenges, Radicalism, Acceptable IslamAbstract
The global dissemination of religious radicalism has evolved into a worldwide issue, prompting intellectuals to engage in discussions and express their concerns. Data for this research were meticulously gathered from reliable sources utilizing a qualitative analytical approach. The focus of the analysis is on countering the escalating trend of radicalism through the lens of religious moderation. The study's findings highlight that a moderate Muslim is characterized by adherence to an acceptable interpretation of Islam. This interpretation incorporates principles of non-violence and moderation, aligned with a belief in democratic and pluralistic approaches, coupled with a spirit of tolerance. This research contributes to the scholarly discourse on the role of literary-based instruction in promoting religious moderation, offering valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and scholars engaged in the global dialogue on countering radicalism and fostering peaceful coexistence.
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Esposito, J. L. (2005). Moderate Muslims: A mainstream of modernists, Islamists, conservatives, and traditionalists. American Journal of Islam and Society, 22(3), 11-20.
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Kassam, S. (2015). “Settling” the multicultural nation-state: Little mosque on the prairie, and the figure of the “moderate Muslim”. Social Identities, 21(6), 606–626
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Lessy, Z., & Rohman, M. (2022). Muslim millennial youths infusing religious moderation: A case study approach to investigate their attitude. Dialogia: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial, 20(1), 1-27.
Lindgren, T., Sonnenschein, H., & Eriksson, J. (2022). Moderate and Radical Muslims, but for Whom and for What Purpose?. In Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 32 (pp. 78-100). Brill.
Ma’arif, S., Sebastian, L. C., & Sholihan, S. (2020). A Soft Approach to Counter Radicalism: The Role of Traditional Islamic Education. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 28(1).
Maarif, M. A., Rofiq, M. H., & Sirojuddin, A. (2022). Implementing Learning Strategies for Moderate Islamic Religious Education in Islamic Higher Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 75-86.
Nasir, M. (2021). Keeping the middle path mainstreaming religious moderation through Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia.
O'Brochta, W., Tavits, M., & Aksoy, D. (2022). Western Political Rhetoric and Radicalization. British Journal of Political Science, 52(1), 437-444.
Pajarianto, H., Pribad, I., & Sari, P. (2022). Tolerance between religions through the role of local wisdom and religious moderation. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 78(4).
Sahih al-Bukhari, The Book of Fasting, chapter The Punishment of the Person Who Practices Al-Wisal Very often.” Vol. 3, 105.
Sahih al-Bukhari. The Book of Tahajjud Prayer at Night, chapter “Exaggerating in
matters of Worship.” Vol. 3, 139.
Sahih al-Bukhari. The Book of Witnesses, chapter “What is Hated of Exaggeration in
Praising and one Should Say only What He Knows.” Vol. 3, 513.
Schmidt, L. (2021). Aesthetics of authority:‘Islam Nusantara’and Islamic ‘radicalism’in Indonesian film and social media. Religion, 51(2), 237-258.
Schwedler, J. (2011). Can Islamists become moderates? Rethinking the inclusion-moderation hypothesis. World Politics, 63(02), 347–376.
Scremin, N. (2023). Family matters: A preliminary framework for understanding family influence on islamist radicalization. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 46(8), 1491-1507.
Sihombing, A. A., Abdullah, I., & Prasojo, Z. H. (2020). Nostra aetate and space for religious moderation: Interfaith dialogue in multicultural Indonesia. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 19(55), 142-157.
Somer, M. (2014). Moderation of religious and secular politics, a country’s “centre” and democratization. Democratization, 21(2), 244–267.
Subchi, I., Zulkifli, Z., Latifa, R., & Sa’diyah, S. (2022). Religious moderation in indonesian muslims. Religions, 13(5), 451.
Syihab, A. H., & Muhamad, A. (2017). Reviving the Wasatiyyah values for inter-religious harmony in plural societies. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 12(2), 13-24.
Umar, A. R. M. (2016). A genealogy of moderate Islam: Governmentality and discourses of Islam in Indonesia’s foreign policy. Studia Islamika, 23(3), 399–433
Van Es, M. A., Laan, N. T., & Meinema, E. (2021). Beyond ‘radical’versus ‘moderate’? New perspectives on the politics of moderation in Muslim majority and Muslim minority settings. Religion, 51(2), 161-168.
Van Hiel, A., Van Assche, J., Haesevoets, T., De Cremer, D., & Hodson, G. (2022). A Radical Vision of Radicalism: Political Cynicism, not Incrementally Stronger Partisan Positions, Explains Political Radicalization. Political Psychology, 43, 3-28.
Van Prooijen, J. W., Krouwel, A. P., Boiten, M., & Eendebak, L. (2015). Fear among the extremes: How political ideology predicts negative emotions and outgroup derogation. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 41(4), 485-497.
Yousif, A. F. (2011). Fundamentalism and Fanaticism: A Comparative Analysis. Religious Studies and Theology, 30(1), 3.
Yousif, A. F. (2015). Revisiting fanaticism in the context of wasatiyyah. American Journal of Islam and Society, 32(3), I.
Zaduqisti, E., Mashuri, A., Zuhri, A., Haryati, T. A., & Ula, M. (2020). On being moderate and peaceful: Why Islamic political moderateness promotes outgroup tolerance and reconciliation. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 42(3), 359-378.
Achilov, D., & Sen, S. (2017). Got political Islam? Are politically moderate Muslims really different from radicals?. International Political Science Review, 38(5), 608-624.
Achilov, D., & Sen, S. (2017). Got political Islam? Are politically moderate Muslims really different from radicals? International Political Science Review, 38(5), 608–624
Ahmad, M. A. (2011). Moderation in Islam: A conceptual analysis of Wasatiyyah. Journal of Islam and the Contemporary World, 4, 29–46.
Akmaliah, W., Sulistiyanto, P., & Sukendar. (2022). Making Moderate Islam in Indonesia. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1-15.
Al- Qardhawi, Yusuf (2007). Kalimat fi al-Wasatiyyah al-Islamiyah wa mu’alimuha. Kuwait:al-Markaz al-‘Alami li al-Wasatiyyah.
Al-bukhari, shahih bukhari, (1993), The book of Prophets. vol. 3. p. 267.
Al-Bukhari. Muhammad bin Ismail bin Ibrohim, (1993). Sahih al-Bukhari, Ed. Musthafa D. Bugha, The Book of al-Adab, chapter “The Statement of the Prophet Facilitate Things for the People and do Not make Things difficult for Them. And the Prophet Used to Love to make Things Light and Easy for the People.” Damascuss: Dar Ibn Kathir, Dar al-Yamamah. Vol 5. No 5775. p. 269.
Ali, M. M., & Rafeeque, M. M. (2018). Wasa?iyyah (Moderation) as the Principle and Objective of the Shariah as a Solution for Preventing Violence and Extremism (Wasatiyyah (Kesederhanaan) sebagai Satu Prinsip dan objektif Shariah adalah satu Solusi Mencegah Keganasan dan Ekstrim). Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077), 15(2), 477-499.
an-Nasa'i, Ahmad bin shu'aib Al-khurasani. 1930. Sunan an-nasa'i, Ed. Hasan Muhammad Al-mas'udi. Cairo: Al-maktabah Al-tijariyah Al-kubra. vol.5 no. 3057. p. 268.
Brocker, M., & Künkler, M. (2013). Religious parties: Revisiting the inclusion-moderation hypothesis1 Introduction. Party Politics, 19(2), 171–186.
Cherney, A., & Murphy, K. (2016). What does it mean to be a moderate Muslim in the war on terror?
Muslim interpretations and reactions. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 9(2), 159–181.
Cohen, A. (2005). Power or Ideology: What the Islamists Choose Will Determine Their Future. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 22(3), 1.
Esposito, J. L. (2005). Moderate Muslims: A mainstream of modernists, Islamists, conservatives, and traditionalists. American Journal of Islam and Society, 22(3), 11-20.
Gutkowski, S. (2015). We are the very model of a moderate Muslim state: The Amman messages and Jordan’s foreign policy. International Relations, 30(2), 206–226.
Hamdi, A. Z. (2013). Radicalizing Indonesian moderate Islam from within: The Nu-Fpi relationship in Bangkalan, Madura. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 7(1), 71–95.
Husain, E. (2010, September). Don't call me moderate, call me normal. In A symposium: What is moderate Islam.
Ibrahim, H. (2018). The principle of Wasa?iyyah (moderation) and the social concept of Islam: Countering extremism in religion. Al-Itqan: Journal of Islamic Sciences and Comparative Studies, 2(1), 39-48.
Ibrahim, I., Prasojo, Z. H., & Sulaiman, S. (2019). Preventing Radicalism: Islamic Moderation and Revitalization in the Border. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 4(1), 1–15.
Islam, T., & Khatun, A. (2015). “Islamic moderation” in perspective. A comparison between oriental
and occidental scholarships. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 3(2), 69–78.
Jati, W. R., Syamsurijal, S., Aji, G. B., Nurkhoiron, M., & Tirtosudarmo, R. (2022). From Intellectual to Advocacy Movement: Islamic Moderation, the Conservatives and the Shift of Interfaith Dialogue Campaign in Indonesia. Ulumuna, 26(2), 472-499.
Jubba, H., Awang, J., & Sungkilang, S. A. (2021). The challenges of Islamic organizations in promoting moderation in Indonesia. Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama Dan Sosial Budaya, 6(1), 43-54.
Kassam, S. (2015). “Settling” the multicultural nation-state: Little mosque on the prairie, and the figure of the “moderate Muslim”. Social Identities, 21(6), 606–626
Kaya, A. (2021). Islamist and nativist reactionary radicalisation in Europe. Politics and Governance, 9(3), 204-214.
Ke, F. (2016). Designing and integrating purposeful learning in game play: A systematic review. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64(2), 219–244.
King, P. E. (2019). Religion and identity: The role of ideological, social, and spiritual contexts. In Beyond the self (pp. 197-204). Routledge.
Lessy, Z., & Rohman, M. (2022). Muslim millennial youths infusing religious moderation: A case study approach to investigate their attitude. Dialogia: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Sosial, 20(1), 1-27.
Lindgren, T., Sonnenschein, H., & Eriksson, J. (2022). Moderate and Radical Muslims, but for Whom and for What Purpose?. In Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 32 (pp. 78-100). Brill.
Ma’arif, S., Sebastian, L. C., & Sholihan, S. (2020). A Soft Approach to Counter Radicalism: The Role of Traditional Islamic Education. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 28(1).
Maarif, M. A., Rofiq, M. H., & Sirojuddin, A. (2022). Implementing Learning Strategies for Moderate Islamic Religious Education in Islamic Higher Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 75-86.
Nasir, M. (2021). Keeping the middle path mainstreaming religious moderation through Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia.
O'Brochta, W., Tavits, M., & Aksoy, D. (2022). Western Political Rhetoric and Radicalization. British Journal of Political Science, 52(1), 437-444.
Pajarianto, H., Pribad, I., & Sari, P. (2022). Tolerance between religions through the role of local wisdom and religious moderation. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies, 78(4).
Sahih al-Bukhari, The Book of Fasting, chapter The Punishment of the Person Who Practices Al-Wisal Very often.” Vol. 3, 105.
Sahih al-Bukhari. The Book of Tahajjud Prayer at Night, chapter “Exaggerating in
matters of Worship.” Vol. 3, 139.
Sahih al-Bukhari. The Book of Witnesses, chapter “What is Hated of Exaggeration in
Praising and one Should Say only What He Knows.” Vol. 3, 513.
Schmidt, L. (2021). Aesthetics of authority:‘Islam Nusantara’and Islamic ‘radicalism’in Indonesian film and social media. Religion, 51(2), 237-258.
Schwedler, J. (2011). Can Islamists become moderates? Rethinking the inclusion-moderation hypothesis. World Politics, 63(02), 347–376.
Scremin, N. (2023). Family matters: A preliminary framework for understanding family influence on islamist radicalization. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 46(8), 1491-1507.
Sihombing, A. A., Abdullah, I., & Prasojo, Z. H. (2020). Nostra aetate and space for religious moderation: Interfaith dialogue in multicultural Indonesia. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 19(55), 142-157.
Somer, M. (2014). Moderation of religious and secular politics, a country’s “centre” and democratization. Democratization, 21(2), 244–267.
Subchi, I., Zulkifli, Z., Latifa, R., & Sa’diyah, S. (2022). Religious moderation in indonesian muslims. Religions, 13(5), 451.
Syihab, A. H., & Muhamad, A. (2017). Reviving the Wasatiyyah values for inter-religious harmony in plural societies. Journal of Al-Tamaddun, 12(2), 13-24.
Umar, A. R. M. (2016). A genealogy of moderate Islam: Governmentality and discourses of Islam in Indonesia’s foreign policy. Studia Islamika, 23(3), 399–433
Van Es, M. A., Laan, N. T., & Meinema, E. (2021). Beyond ‘radical’versus ‘moderate’? New perspectives on the politics of moderation in Muslim majority and Muslim minority settings. Religion, 51(2), 161-168.
Van Hiel, A., Van Assche, J., Haesevoets, T., De Cremer, D., & Hodson, G. (2022). A Radical Vision of Radicalism: Political Cynicism, not Incrementally Stronger Partisan Positions, Explains Political Radicalization. Political Psychology, 43, 3-28.
Van Prooijen, J. W., Krouwel, A. P., Boiten, M., & Eendebak, L. (2015). Fear among the extremes: How political ideology predicts negative emotions and outgroup derogation. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 41(4), 485-497.
Yousif, A. F. (2011). Fundamentalism and Fanaticism: A Comparative Analysis. Religious Studies and Theology, 30(1), 3.
Yousif, A. F. (2015). Revisiting fanaticism in the context of wasatiyyah. American Journal of Islam and Society, 32(3), I.
Zaduqisti, E., Mashuri, A., Zuhri, A., Haryati, T. A., & Ula, M. (2020). On being moderate and peaceful: Why Islamic political moderateness promotes outgroup tolerance and reconciliation. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 42(3), 359-378.
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Published
2023-12-26
How to Cite
Akbar Hutagalung, K. (2023). Challenges of Religious Moderation in The Context of Radicalism. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary, 2(3), 840–853. https://doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v2i3.424
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