Optimization of Electrical Energy Consumption in Multi-Storey Government Buildings Using Smart Building Systems

Authors

  • Syahrin Syahrin Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Abdul Multi Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Lilly S. Wasitova Institut Sains dan Teknologi Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v4i4.1878

Keywords:

smart building system, building energy management system, electrical energy efficiency, government building, energy optimization

Abstract

Multi-storey government buildings generally exhibit high electrical energy consumption, particularly in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), lighting, and supporting electrical equipment. Conventional operational patterns that do not adapt to occupancy levels and environmental conditions often lead to significant energy inefficiencies and increased operational costs. In recent years, smart building technologies have been recognized as an effective approach to improving energy performance in non-residential buildings.

This study aims to optimize electrical energy consumption in a multi-storey government building through the implementation of a Smart Building System based on a Building Energy Management System (BEMS). The research adopts an applied case study approach conducted at a provincial government office building in Indonesia. The methodology includes an energy audit, analysis of electrical load profiles, evaluation of energy performance indicators, and comparison of energy consumption before and after the application of BEMS-based optimization strategies.

The results demonstrate a measurable reduction in total electricity consumption, peak load demand, and operational electricity costs, while maintaining acceptable indoor comfort conditions. The findings confirm that the application of smart building systems can significantly enhance energy efficiency in government buildings and provide a practical framework for sustainable energy management in the public sector.

References

Alavi, A., Khosravi, A., & Zhang, Y. (2023). Smart building integration for energy optimization: A review. Journal of Building Performance, 14(2), 75–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.103258

Almeida, R., Santos, T., & Pereira, P. (2022). Energy efficiency in commercial vs government buildings: Comparative study. Sustainable Cities and Society, 79, 103659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103659

Arifin, D., Putra, R., & Wicaksono, A. (2022). Assessment of BEMS-based energy optimization in Indonesian government offices. Energy Reports, 8, 1453–1465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.03.067

Chen, L., Sun, Q., & Zhao, J. (2023). Advanced HVAC control strategies for office energy savings. Applied Energy, 340, 120986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120986

Fauzi, M., & Hidayat, R. (2021). Energy performance evaluation of public buildings in Indonesia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 306, 127274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127274

Fitriani, S., Nugraha, A., & Wirawan, D. (2023). Challenges in implementing smart building systems in government offices. Energy Efficiency, 16(3), 87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-023-10115-9

Gao, Y., Li, X., & Wu, J. (2022). Energy savings in commercial buildings through smart technologies. Energy and Buildings, 258, 111897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.111897

Hossain, M., Islam, S., & Rahman, M. (2023). Energy management challenges in public sector buildings. Renewable Energy, 204, 1509–1521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.11.085

Huang, T., Zhao, H., & Li, K. (2020). Data-driven energy optimization for government offices. Building and Environment, 179, 106958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106958

IEA. (2022). World Energy Outlook 2022. International Energy Agency. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2022

Kim, S., & Lee, J. (2021). Demand-side management potential in public office buildings. Energy, 237, 121511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121511

Kumar, P., & Sharma, A. (2020). Predictive scheduling for HVAC energy optimization. Energy Efficiency, 13(8), 1695–1709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09860-2

Lee, S., Park, J., & Kim, H. (2021). Adaptive control strategies in smart buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 38, 102171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102171

Li, W., Xu, Y., & Tan, H. (2021). Energy consumption patterns in non-residential buildings. Energy Reports, 7, 1112–1123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.04.014

Liu, F., Chen, S., & Wang, Y. (2022). Flexible load management in government offices. Applied Energy, 310, 118470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118470

Martinez, P., Gomez, R., & Torres, L. (2023). Smart buildings as active participants in grid stability. Renewable Energy, 195, 1192–1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.08.087

Nguyen, T., Hoang, D., & Pham, L. (2021). Retrofitting challenges for public buildings in developing countries. Energy Reports, 7, 928–940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.03.078

Park, S., Cho, H., & Lee, K. (2021). Thermal comfort and energy efficiency in office buildings. Energy and Buildings, 250, 111238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111238

Prasetyo, A., Wibowo, R., & Santoso, D. (2023). Case study: BEMS implementation in multi-storey government building. Energy Reports, 9, 765–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.01.052

Pratama, I., & Nugroho, E. (2021). Legacy systems and automation gaps in Indonesian public buildings. Journal of Building Performance, 12(4), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.100019

Rahimi, M., Hosseini, S., & Khalili, N. (2021). Demand response strategies in public sector buildings. Energy, 226, 120359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120359

Rahman, S., Alam, M., & Chowdhury, F. (2020). Conventional energy management practices in public offices. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 42, 100888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2020.100888

Ramdani, F., Yusuf, M., & Prabowo, H. (2022). Framework for BEMS-based optimization in government buildings. Energy Efficiency, 15(5), 87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-022-10079-5

Rashid, M., Khan, T., & Ahmed, S. (2020). Energy efficiency gaps in public office buildings. Energy and Buildings, 223, 110125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110125

Santoso, D., Prasetyo, A., & Wibowo, R. (2022). Quantifying energy savings through BEMS in Indonesian government offices. Energy Reports, 8, 2101–2112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.05.011

Setiawan, B., Haryanto, T., & Nugraha, L. (2020). Early adoption of smart building systems in Indonesian government buildings. International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 39(8), 751–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786451.2020.1781456

Singh, R., Sharma, V., & Kumar, P. (2020). Building energy management systems for institutional buildings. Energy Efficiency, 13(7), 1435–1452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-020-09830-8

Sutanto, A., Wicaksono, A., & Putra, R. (2023). Empirical study on smart building benefits for government offices. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 58, 103600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2023.103600

Wang, H., & Chen, J. (2021). Digital transformation of building energy systems. Energy Reports, 7, 1824–1838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.06.002

Wang, X., Li, Y., & Zhou, Q. (2022). Peak load management through smart buildings. Applied Energy, 316, 119098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119098

Wibowo, R., Prasetyo, A., & Santoso, D. (2021). Operational data-driven energy optimization in government offices. Energy Reports, 7, 1542–1556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.05.004

Yao, L., Zhang, S., & Liu, W. (2023). Real-time monitoring gaps in public building energy management. Journal of Building Engineering, 69, 107888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107888

Zhang, Y., Li, X., & Wang, Z. (2022). Cost-effective energy efficiency strategies in government offices. Energy Efficiency, 15(6), 102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-022-10103-3

Zhou, H., Wu, J., & Chen, L. (2021). Digitalization of energy management in public buildings. Journal of Building Performance, 11(3), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.100011

Downloads

Published

2026-02-19

How to Cite

Syahrin, S., Abdul Multi, & Lilly S. Wasitova. (2026). Optimization of Electrical Energy Consumption in Multi-Storey Government Buildings Using Smart Building Systems. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary, 4(4), 684–692. https://doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v4i4.1878

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 4 (2026): International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary (January - March 2026)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Syahrin Syahrin, Abdul Multi, Lilly S. Wasitova

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:

  1. The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
  2. The author acknowledges that the International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary (IJAM) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
  3. Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary (IJAM).