Dari Kain Ke Kasus: Analisis Forensik dalam Menyelesaikan Pembunuhan Bersejarah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v4i6.1708Keywords:
Analisis Serat Forensik, Cold Case, DNA Touch, Forensic Genetic Genealogy (FGG)Abstract
Kasus pembunuhan bersejarah (cold case) merupakan tantangan kompleks dalam ilmu forensik, terutama akibat degradasi dan potensi kontaminasi bukti yang meningkat seiring berjalannya waktu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah secara sistematis kontribusi analisis forensik serat dan DNA yang diekstraksi dari tekstil dalam mendukung penyelesaian kasus cold case berdasarkan literatur ilmiah yang relevan. Metode yang digunakan meliputi Systematic Literature Review dan Case Study Synthesis terhadap publikasi yang melaporkan penerapan analisis serat dan genetika forensik dalam konteks kasus pembunuhan bersejarah. Hasil telaah menunjukkan adanya dua perkembangan teknologi utama, yaitu pergeseran analisis serat dari pendekatan mikroskopi komparatif menuju teknik spektroskopi non-destruktif seperti Micro-Raman dan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) yang memungkinkan karakterisasi kimia serat terdegradasi, serta peningkatan metode pemulihan touch DNA dari tekstil yang dikombinasikan dengan Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) dan Forensic Genetic Genealogy (FGG). Integrasi antara analisis serat sebagai bukti penghubung dan pemanfaatan FGG sebagai alat identifikasi dilaporkan berkontribusi signifikan dalam meningkatkan nilai pembuktian bukti jejak minimal pada investigasi cold case. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa perkembangan metodologi forensik modern berperan penting dalam mengoptimalkan kembali pemanfaatan bukti lama dan memperkuat proses identifikasi pelaku dalam kasus pembunuhan bersejarah.
References
Balhareth, A. A. S., Mohammed, J., Zabarah, M. G. A., Almotlaq, M., Alabaaltahin, M. A. M., Al Jaarah, A. H. A., Aldawsari, G. A., Almastaneer, K. A. M., & Al, Y. A. S. H. (2024). The role of forensic medicine in modern criminal justice: A review of current practices and innovations. Journal of Ecohumanism, 6798, 2699–2707.
Donald, T., & Sumad-On, R. D. C. (2022). The methods of extracting trace evidence in criminal investigation. International Journal of Innovative Science Research and Technology, 7(2), 702–706.
Goray, M., Taylor, D., Fonneløp, A. E., Gill, P., Bibbo, E., Fantinato, C., et al. (2024). Emerging use of air eDNA and its application to forensic investigations: A review. Forensic Science International, 916–932.
Haddrill, P. R. (2021). Developments in forensic DNA analysis. Forensic Science Review, 381–393.
Introna, F., Cattaneo, C., Mazzarelli, D., De Micco, F., & Campobasso, C. P. (2021). Unusual application of insect-related evidence in two European unsolved murders. Forensic Science International, 1–7.
Lepot, L., Vanhouche, M., Vanden Driessche, T., & Lunstroot, K. (2023). Interpol review of fibres and textiles 2019–2022. Forensic Science International: Synergy, 6, 100307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsisyn.2022.100307
Lim-Hitchings, Y. C., Schnegg, M., & Palmer, R. (2025a). Evaluating findings of fibre comparisons in forensic science. Part 1: Considering the occurrence and background. Forensic Science International, 377.
Lim-Hitchings, Y. C., Schnegg, M., & Palmer, R. (2025b). Evaluating findings of fibre comparisons in forensic science. Part 2: Considering transfer, persistence, and recovery. Forensic Science International, 377, 1–22.
Medina-Paz, F., Kuba, B., Kryvorutsky, E., & Roca, G. (2024). Assessment of blood and semen detection and DNA collection from swabs up to three months after deposition on five different cloth materials. Forensic Science International.
Mojica, E. R., & Dai, Z. (2022). New Raman spectroscopic methods’ application in forensic science. Talanta Open, 6, 100124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talo.2022.100124
Rajput, H. (2024). Biological evidence for crime investigation. Forensic Research Journal, 1, 34–52.
Sapan, T. Ü., Erdoğan, İ. T., & Atasoy, S. (2021). Human identification from washed blood stains. Bulletin of the National Research Centre. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-021-00600-3
Satam, H., Joshi, K., Mangrolia, U., Waghoo, S., Zaidi, G., Rawool, S., et al. (2023). Next-generation sequencing technology: Current trends and advancements. Journal of Genomic Technologies.
Wilson, S. A., Laing, R. M., Tan, E., Wilson, C. A., Samanali, P., Arachchige, G., et al. (2024). Determining deposits on knit fabrics, yarns, and fibers from sensor-related treatments. Journal of the Textile Institute, 115(8), 1229–1241. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2023.2221427
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dortji Leonora Saruning
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share— copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt— remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution— You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions— You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rightsmay limit how you use the material.
