Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Swedia terhadap NATO sebagai Respons terhadap Invasi Rusia ke Ukraina (2022–2024)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v4i6.1616Keywords:
Swedia, NATO, Netralitas, Invasi Rusia, Perubahan Kebijakan Luar NegeriAbstract
Penelitian ini menganalisis perubahan historis Kebijakan Luar Negeri Swedia dari Netralitas menuju keanggotaan penuh NATO sebagai reaksi langsung terhadap agresi Rusia di Ukraina. Objek risetnya adalah proses pengambilan keputusan strategis yang berlangsung di Swedia pada tahun 2022. Tujuannya adalah mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor pendorong perubahan kebijakan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus kualitatif. Analisis menerapkan kerangka tiga level perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri: sistem internasional, dinamika politik domestik, dan individu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ancaman dari level sistem internasional dipicu oleh Invasi Rusia, yang secara fundamental mengubah struktur keamanan kawasan dan menghapus asumsi dasar netralitas. Tekanan dari level dinamika politik domestik juga krusial, ditandai perubahan sikap bersejarah Partai Demokrat Sosial dan keputusan aksesi Finlandia yang menciptakan aliansi Nordik seragam. Peran krusial dari level individu (kepemimpinan pemerintah saat itu) menentukan dalam mengartikulasikan ancaman dan memobilisasi dukungan untuk aksesi NATO dalam waktu singkat. Kesimpulan studi ini menegaskan bahwa keputusan keanggotaan NATO merupakan respons rasional, cepat, dan pragmatis untuk menjamin keamanan nasional Swedia dalam lingkungan geopolitik yang sangat berubah.
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