Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Lama Waktu Tunggu Pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v5i1.1932Keywords:
Waktu tunggu, Fasilitas Ruang Gawat Darurat, Tinjauan sistematis literaturAbstract
Unit Gawat Darurat (UGD) merupakan bagian rumah sakit yang sering menerima keluhan terkait kualitas layanan. Masyarakat mengeluhkan kualitas layanan, terutama waktu tunggu. Waktu tunggu yang lama dapat secara signifikan menurunkan kepuasan pasien dan kualitas layanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi waktu tunggu pasien di UGD rumah sakit. Penelitian ini menggunakan tinjauan literatur sistematis dengan memanfaatkan artikel dari basis data elektronik, yaitu PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan ProQuest. Pencarian literatur menggunakan metode PICO dengan kata kunci pencarian “Waktu tunggu” ATAU “Lama rawat inap” DAN “Gawat darurat” DAN “Layanan.” Identifikasi studi berdasarkan basis data dan registri menggunakan diagram alur PRISMA. Hasil diperoleh dari sembilan artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan telah disaring serta diidentifikasi di berbagai negara. Sebagian besar menggunakan desain studi cross-sectional dan retrospektif, masing-masing dengan empat artikel (44,4%). Sebagian besar artikel penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2020, dengan empat artikel (44,4%). Faktor-faktor dominan yang memengaruhi waktu tunggu di UGD adalah usia, konsultasi spesialis, dan kedatangan pada malam hari. Status kesadaran dan triase oranye juga merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi waktu tunggu pasien di UGD. Faktor-faktor lain yang teridentifikasi meliputi lebih dari dua kali pemeriksaan darah, pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, tinggal di daerah pedesaan, kunjungan pada sore hari, layanan kedokteran internal, kunjungan ke dokter anak, ketersediaan obat, pemindaian CT, dan ketersediaan tempat tidur. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor utama yang memengaruhi lama waktu tunggu pasien di ruang gawat darurat adalah usia, konsultasi dengan dokter spesialis, dan kunjungan pada malam hari. Para dokter dan staf di ruang gawat darurat perlu memahami dan memperhatikan waktu pelayanan untuk menjaga kualitas perawatan.
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