Strategi Geoekonomi Tiongkok dalam Implementasi Belt and Road Initiative: Proyek Kereta Api Laos-Tiongkok 2019-2024
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v4i2.1077Keywords:
Strategi geoekonomi, Tiongkok, Belt and Road Initiative, Kereta Api Laos-TiongkokAbstract
Penelitian ini berjudul ”Strategi Geoekonomi Tiongkok dalam Implementasi Belt and Road Initiative : Proyek Kereta Api Laos-Tiongkok 2019-2024. Latar belakang penelitian adalah penerapan strategi geoekonomi dengan memperhatikan pentingnya posisi tawar Laos sebagai penghubung Tiongkok ke kawasan Asia Tenggara melalui proyek ini. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengeksplorasi strategi geoekonomi Tiongkok dalam implementasi Belt and Road Initiative terhadap proyek Laos melalui kereta Api Laos-Tiongkok. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur dimana unitnya adalah strategi geoekonomi Tiongkok serta unit amatannya proyek kereta api Laos-Tiongkok. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi geoekonomi Tiongkok memiliki korelasi dengan kepentingan maupun impian besarnya melalui pemanfaatan instrumen ekonomi seperti investasi, infrastruktur, dan kerja sama dalam pengaruh ekonomi-politik kawasan. Proyek ini terbukti meningkatkan konektivitas. Kesimpulannya, proyek kereta api Laos-Tiongkok sebagai cerminan strategi geoekonomi Tiongkok yang tidak hanya menguntungkan kedua pihak, tetapi upaya dominasi ekonomi dalam kerangka kerja yang sama.
References
AidData. (n.d.). CDB contributes $770 million to syndicated buyer’s credit loan for Phase 2 of Nam Ou Hydropower Project (Project 67486). AidData China. Retrieved May 8, 2025, from http://china.aiddata.org/projects/67486/
Antara News Agency. (2025, January 19). TikTok resmi ditutup di AS setelah diberlakukannya larang. Antara News. http://www.antaranews.com/berita/4593786/tiktok-resmi-ditutup-di-as-setelah-diberlakukannya-larangan
Batubara, U. N., Siregar, R., & Siregar, N. (2021). Liberalisme John Locke dan pengaruhnya dalam tatanan kehidupan. Jurnal Education and Development, 9(4), 485–491.
Beeson, M. (2018). Geoeconomics with Chinese characteristics: the BRI and China’s evolving grand strategy. Economic and Political Studies, 6(3), 240–256. https://doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2018.1498988
Blackwill, R. D., & Harris, J. M. (2016). War by other means: Geoeconomics and statecraft. Harvard University Press.
Blaug, M. (1996). Economic Theory in Retrospect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Busbarat, P., Camba, A., Pratiwi, F. I., Po, S., Hoàng, ?., Sengkhamkhoutlavong, B., Tham, S. Y., & Thuzar, M. (2023). How has China’s Belt and Road Initiative impacted Southeast Asian countries? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Chin, G. T. (2016). Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Governance innovation and prospects. Global Governance, 22(1), 11–23
China Briefing. (2025, March 21). Strengthening China–Laos relations: Strategic cooperation and development initiatives. China Briefing. Retrieved June?11,?2025, from https://www.china-briefing.com/news/strengthening-china-laos-relations-strategic-cooperation/
China Railway. (n.d.). Cargo volume on China-Laos Railway exceeds 50 million tons: People's Daily Page 2. Retrieved from http://www.china-railway.com.cn/english/InternationalCooperation/overseasProjects/202501/t20250108_140632.html
Chen, W., & DiCarlo, J. (2021, September). Laos–China Railway. The People’s Map of Global China. Retrieved from https://thepeoplesmap.net/project/laos-china-railway/
Ciaxin Global. (2021, October 19). Full text: Xi Jinping’s speech on boosting common prosperity. https://www.caixinglobal.com/2021-10-19/full-text-xi-jinpings-speech-on-boosting-common-prosperity-101788302.html
CNN Indonesia. (2025, 18 Februari). Thailand bangun kereta cepat langsung ke China lewat Laos. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/gaya-hidup/20250218080429-269-1199434/thailand-bangun-kereta-cepat-langsung-ke-china-lewat-laos
Dariskiyah, E., Prasodjo, H., & Pradana, H. A. (2022). Laos–China cooperation in the construction of high speed railway: A perspective of foreign policy. JISPO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 12(2), 153–173. https://doi.org/10.15575/jispo.v12i2.20432
Dayant, A., & Stanhope, G. (2024, Maret). Mind the gap: Ambition versus delivery in China’s BRI megaprojects in Southeast Asia [Data snapshot]. Lowy Institute. Retrieved from https://interactives.lowyinstitute.org/features/mind-the-gap-chinas-bri-southeast-asia/
Dollar, D. (2020). "China’s Belt and Road Initiative: The Implications for Global Trade and Economic Growth." Brookings Institution.
Global Times. (2021, November 30). Agreement signed for China–Laos Railway, framework for cross-border movement of people and goods. Global Times. Retrieved from https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202111/1240317.shtml
Jackson, R., & Sørensen, G. (2012). Introduction to international relations: Theories and approaches (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Kennedy, S. (2020). "China’s Strategic Emerging Industries: Policy, Implementation, Challenges." Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)
Laotian Times. (2025, April 24). Lao, China bilateral trade increases to USD?8.23?billion in 2024, marking significant growth. The Laotian Times. Retrieved May 8, 2025, from Lao, China Bilateral Trade Increases to USD 8.23 Billion in 2024, Marking Significant Growth - Laotian Times
Lindley, D. (2022, August 1). Assessing China’s motives: How the Belt and Road Initiative threatens US interests. Journal of Indo Pacific Affairs, 5(2).
Liu, X. (2013). China’s National Interests and Strategic Intentions. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College.
Luttwak, E. N. (1990). From geopolitics to geo-economics: Logic of conflict, grammar of commerce. The National Interest, (20), 17–23.
Munir, A. M., Ramdhani, N. M. A., & Saputra, N. Y. F. (2022). Kepentingan strategis Cina dalam pembangunan jalur kereta cepat Cina-Laos (Laos-China Railways). Indonesian Journal of Peace and Security Studies (IJPSS), 4(2), 46–58. https://doi.org/10.29303/ijpss.v4i2.110
National Statistics Bureau. (2025). Report on Quarterly GDP estimations: Q4 2024 and forecast Q1 2025. Ministry of Planning and Investment, Lao PDR. Retrieved from https://www.lsb.gov.la/
Nuechterlein, D. E. (2019). National interests and presidential leadership: The setting of priorities. Routledge.
Nugroho, B. A. A. (2024). Kepentingan nasional China dalam kerja sama dengan Djibouti. Diplomacy and Global Security Journal: Jurnal Mahasiswa Magister Hubungan Internasional, 1(1), 792–815.
Palabbi, S. D. (2023). Ideologi Dan Kepentingan Nasional Tiongkok Di Balik Inisiatif One Belt And One Road (OBOR). GOVERNANCE, 3(2).
Pradana, M. E. (2022). Politik Luar Negeri Tiongkok Sejak Tahun 1978: Transisi, Rebalancing Dan Aktivisme. Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs, 2(1), 1-14.
Reuters. (2024, June 19). China eyes plan to connect Southeast Asian rail links. Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/malaysia-china-mark-50-years-ties-with-deals-development-durians-2024-06-19/
Rolland, N. (2019, April 11). A concise guide to the Belt and Road Initiative. National Bureau of Asian Research. Retrieved from https://www.nbr.org/publication/a-guide-to-the-belt-and-road-initiative/
Setiawan, E., Yuniarti, & Tendy. (2023). Pelarangan penggunaan produk Huawei di Amerika Serikat berdasarkan National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) 2019. Interdependence: Journal of International Studies, 4(1), 1–10.
State Council, The People’s Republic of China. (2024, October 18). Jakarta Bandung high speed railway transports 5.79 million passengers in first year. Retrieved from http://english.www.gov.cn/news/202410/18/content_WS6711b732c6d0868f4e8ec021.html
The Party Literature Research Office of the CPC Central Committee (Ed.). (2014). The Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation (Speeches by Xi Jinping). Foreign Languages Press.
The State Council, the People’s Republic of China. (2024, October 12). China, Laos to strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation of higher quality: joint statement. Retrieved May 8, 2025, from https://english.www.gov.cn/news/202410/12/content_WS670a6856c6d0868f4e8ebc35.html
Tilleke?&?Gibbins. (2025, Januari 21). Snapshot: Foreign investment law and policy in Laos. Lexology. https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=fa723e39-19a5-4ec3-94f2-2cec44a028d4
Trading Economics. (n.d.). China exports to Laos [Data statistik]. Retrieved 13 May, 2025, from https://tradingeconomics.com/china/exports/laos
Trading Economics. (n.d.-a). Laos GDP annual growth rate. TradingEconomics.com. Retrieved May?19,?2025, from https://tradingeconomics.com/laos/gdp-growth-annual
Trading Economics. (n.d.-c). Laos foreign direct investment. TradingEconomics.com. Retrieved June?19,?2025, from https://tradingeconomics.com/laos/foreign-direct-investment
Trading Economics. (n.d.). Laos imports. Retrieved from https://id.tradingeconomics.com/laos/imports#:~:text=Laos%20terutama%20mengimpor%20minyak%2C%20mesin%20dan%20peralatan%2C,Mitra%20impor%20lainnya%20termasuk%20China%20dan%20Vietnam
U.S. Department of State. (2020). 2020 investment climate statements: Laos. Retrieved May 20, 2025, from https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-investment-climate-statements/laos/
UNCTAD. (1993, January 31). Agreement Concerning the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments: China–Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Bilateral Investment Treaty) [Treaty text]. UNCTAD Investment Policy Hub. Retrieved May 8, 2025, from https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/927/china---lao-people-s-democratic-republic-bit-1993-
Vientiane Times. (2024, April 11). PM orders modernisation of logistics, greater use of railway to drive growth. Vientiane Times. Retrieved from https://www.vientianetimes.org.la/freefreenews/freecontent_73_PM_y24.php
Vörös, Z., & Somsack, P. (2020). Laos and the Belt and Road Initiative: An interconnector helping the Chinese needs? Foreign Policy Review, 13, 24–38. https://doi.org/10.47706/KKIFPR.2020.13.24-38
Wu, Y. (2019). "The China-Laos Economic Relationship: Opportunities and Challenges." Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 15(2), 117-130
Ministry of Foreign Affairs The People’s Republic of China. (2015, November 7). Deepen cooperative partnership and co-build beautiful homeland of Asia. Kementerian Luar Negeri Republik Rakyat Tiongkok. Retrieved from https://www.mfa.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zy/jj/2015zt/xjpdynxjpjxgsfw/202406/t20240606_11381307.html
Xinhua News Agency. (2017, January 19).?Work together to build a community of shared future for mankind [Speech by H.E. Xi Jinping]. Xinhuanet. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-01/19/c_135994707.htm
Xinhua News Agency. (2017, November 14). Xi wraps up state visit to Laos with strengthened partnership. Xinhuanet. Retrieved May 8, 2025, from https://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-11/14/c_136752151.htm
Yu, H. (2024). Understanding China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9633-9
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Irene Natasha Nelwan, Triesanto Romulo Simanjuntak, Novriest Umbu Walangara Nau
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
You are free to:
- Share— copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt— remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution— You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions— You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rightsmay limit how you use the material.
