Model Peningkatan Belajar Asimetris dalam Pelatihan Keselamatan Kebakaran Komunitas: Analisis Berbasis Protection Motivation Theori dan Social Cognitive Theori
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jpmpt.v4i3.2118Keywords:
Kesenjangan Pengetahuan-Perilaku, Self-Efficacy, Persepsi Risiko, Protection Motivation Theory, Pelatihan KomunitasAbstract
Pelatihan keselamatan kebakaran berbasis komunitas berdurasi singkat lazim diasumsikan mampu menghasilkan perubahan perilaku melalui peningkatan pengetahuan. Namun, literatur menunjukkan bahwa hubungan pengetahuan perilaku tidak bersifat linier, dan mekanisme psikologis yang memediasi transfer tersebut belum banyak dieksplorasi dalam konteks komunitas perkotaan Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola peningkatan asimetris antardomain pengetahuan, sikap, dan keterampilan menggunakan kerangka Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) dan Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), sekaligus mengajukan Asymmetric Learning Gain Model (ALGM) sebagai model diagnostik orisinal. Desain pre-test–post-test diterapkan pada 20 ibu rumah tangga yang mengikuti pelatihan empat jam di Jakarta. Analisis paired-sample t-test menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan pada pengetahuan (d=0,85; p=0,014) dan sikap (d=0,76; p=0,027), sementara keterampilan pascapelatihan mencapai M=4,02 (SD=0,23). Pola asimetris yang teramati keterampilan unggul secara absolut, sikap meningkat paling besar secara proporsional, namun pengetahuan teknis tertentu tetap rendah mencerminkan aktivasi diferensial jalur coping appraisal dibandingkan threat appraisal. ALGM mengidentifikasi kondisi di mana mastery experience berhasil membangun efikasi teknis, tetapi gagal menginternalisasikan persepsi kerentanan personal dan komitmen preventif jangka panjang. Temuan ini memiliki implikasi langsung bagi perancang program pelatihan komunitas yang mengutamakan efisiensi sesi.
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