Effect of Workload, Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Performance

: The Effect of Workload, Work Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Performance is a scientific article of literature study within the scope of the field of science. The purpose of this article is to build a hypothesis on the influence between variables to be used in further research. object research on online libraries, Google Scholar, Mendeley and other academic online media. Research method with the research library comes from e-books and open access e-journals. Qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this article: 1) Workload affects employee performance; 2) Work Discipline affects Employee Performance; and 3) Work Motivation influences Employee Performance.


INTRODUCTION Background of the problem.
Every student, whether Undergraduate, Undergraduate or Undergraduate, must conduct research in the form of a thesis, thesis, and dissertation.Likewise for lecturers, researchers and other functional staff who actively conduct research and create scientific articles for publication in scientific journals.
Scientific work is one of the requirements for students to complete their studies at most universities in Indonesia.This provision applies to all levels of education, namely undergraduate thesis (S1), undergraduate thesis (S2) and third-level dissertation (S3).
Based on empirical experience, many students and authors have difficulty finding supporting articles for their scientific work as previous research or as relevant research.Relevant articles are needed to strengthen the theory being researched, to see the relationship or influence between variables and build hypotheses.This article discusses the effect of workload, work discipline, and work motivation on employee performance, a literature review study in the field of educational management.
Based on the background, the purpose of writing this article is to build a hypothesis for further research, namely to formulate: 1) The Effect of Workload on Employee Performance; 2) The Effect of Work Discipline on Employee Performance; and 3) Effect of Work Motivation on Employee Performance;

RESEARCH METHOD
The method of writing this Literature Review article is the Qualitative Descriptive method and Library Research, sourced from the Google Scholar online application, Mendeley and other online academic applications.
In qualitative research, literature review must be used consistently with methodological assumptions.This means that it must be used inductively so that it does not direct the questions posed by the researcher.One of the main reasons for conducting qualitative research is that the research is exploratory in nature, (Ali, H., & Limakrisna, 2013) .

Results
Based on the background, objectives and methods, the results of this article are as follows:

Employee Performance
Employee performance is the result of work in quality and quantity achieved by an employee in carrying out his duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to him (Mangkunegara, 2017).
Employee Performance is the result of an employee's work in quality and quantity in carrying out tasks according to their responsibilities.(Juprizen and Kandhita, 2021).
Dimensions, indicators, synthesis, or factors that influence employee performance are punctuality at work, quantity of work and quality of work.

Workload
Workload is the work capacity that burdens each employee physically and mentally and the tasks that must be carried out by the employee (Mahawati, 2021).
Workload is a number of activities that require expertise and must be done within a certain period of time, both physically and psychologically.(Dhani, 2010).

Work motivation
Work motivation is something that causes, distributes, and supports human behavior, so that they want to work hard and enthusiastically to achieve optimal results.(Hasibuan, 2012).
Work Motivation is the drive that moves a person to work to do the job with all their might and work effectively to achieve the goals to be achieved (Imam Wahyudi, 2021).

Relevant Article Review Results
Reviewing relevant articles as a basis for setting research hypotheses by explaining the results of previous studies, explaining the similarities and differences with the research plan, from relevant previous research as shown in table 1 below.

Discussion
Based on the theoretical study, the discussion of this literature review article is to review relevant articles, analyze the influence between variables and conceptually think about a research plan: Based on the results of the research, the discussion of this article is to review relevant articles, analyze the influence between variables and conceptualize the research plan:

Effect of Workload on Employee Performance.
Workload is a number of activities that require expertise and must be done within a certain period of time, both physically and psychologically.
The principles or concept of workload is that workload affects employee performance, if workload is perceived well, employee performance will be perceived well and vice versa.That if the workload is perceived as bad, the performance will also be bad.
Factors that influence workload are physical and mental workload which are divided into six dimensions, which consist of: physical stress, physical effort, mental tension, time tension, achievement, level of frustration.
To improve employee performance by paying attention to workload, what management must do is workload that is too high causes physical and emotional fatigue, while workload that is too low makes work produced by motions boring, where boredom in routine due to repetitive tasks too little has the potential to be detrimental to workers because it causes a lack of attention to their work.

Effect of Work Discipline on Employee Performance.
Work Discipline is the awareness, willingness, and willingness to work of other people in order to obey and comply with all applicable rules and norms.(Hasibuan, 2007) The principles or concepts of Work Discipline are norms, attitudes or behavior, employee presence and responsibility for work.(Sugiarto & Ramadhan, 2021) Work Discipline affects Employee Performance, if Work Discipline is perceived well then Employee Performance will be perceived well too, and vice versa.This can be explained that work discipline is one of the factors that influence employee performance.If the employee has a good work discipline, it is expected that the employee will have good performance.
Factors that influence Work Discipline are the example of a leader, having definite rules for employees to follow, the leader's attention given to employees, the leader supervising employees, leaders who dare to take action, and the amount of compensation.(Fahraini & Syarif, 2022) Work Discipline plays a role in Employee Performance, this is in line with research conducted by: (Rahmat Hidayat, 2020), (Imam Wahyudi, 2021), (Rahmat Pramukty, 2022), and(Ligand Diposentono, 2023).

Effect of Work Motivation on Employee Performance.
Work Motivation is the drive that moves a person to work to do the job with all their might and work effectively to achieve the goals to be achieved (Imam Wahyudi, 2021).
The principles or concept of Work Motivation is to encourage people to act, determine the direction of action and complete actions.(Sardiman, 2007) Work motivation affects employee performance, if work motivation is perceived well, then employee performance will be perceived well, and vice versa.This can be explained that the better the work motivation of an employee, the better the performance.
Factors that influence work motivation are salary, incentives/bonuses, career development systems, conditions of facilities and infrastructure.

Conceptual Framework for Research
Based on the formulation of the problem, discussion and relevant research, the conceptual framework of this article is processed as shown in Figure 1 below.